CAPEC-222: iFrame Overlay
CAPEC版本: 3.9
更新日期: 2023-01-24
攻击模式描述
In an iFrame overlay attack the victim is tricked into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from seemingly completely different system.
执行流程
步骤 1 Explore
[Craft an iFrame Overlay page] The adversary crafts a malicious iFrame overlay page.
- The adversary leverages iFrame overlay capabilities to craft a malicious iFrame overlay page.
步骤 2 Exploit
[adversary tricks victim to load the iFrame overlay page] adversary utilizes some form of temptation, misdirection or coercion to trick the victim to loading and interacting with the iFrame overlay page in a way that increases the chances that the victim will visit the malicious page.
- Trick the victim to the malicious site by sending the victim an e-mail with a URL to the site.
- Trick the victim to the malicious site by manipulating URLs on a site trusted by the victim.
- Trick the victim to the malicious site through a cross-site scripting attack.
步骤 3 Exploit
[Trick victim into interacting with the iFrame overlay page in the desired manner] The adversary tricks the victim into clicking on the areas of the UI which contain the hidden action controls and thereby interacts with the target system maliciously with the victim's level of privilege.
- Hide action controls over very commonly used functionality.
- Hide action controls over very psychologically tempting content.
前提条件
- The victim is communicating with the target application via a web based UI and not a thick client. The victim's browser security policies allow iFrames. The victim uses a modern browser that supports UI elements like clickable buttons (i.e. not using an old text only browser). The victim has an active session with the target system. The target system's interaction window is open in the victim's browser and supports the ability for initiating sensitive actions on behalf of the user in the target system.
所需技能
所需资源
- None: No specialized resources are required to execute this type of attack.
后果影响
影响范围: Integrity
技术影响: Modify Data
影响范围: Confidentiality
技术影响: Read Data
影响范围: Authorization
技术影响: Execute Unauthorized Commands
说明: Run Arbitrary Code
影响范围: Accountability Authentication Authorization Non-Repudiation
技术影响: Gain Privileges
影响范围: Access Control Authorization
技术影响: Bypass Protection Mechanism
缓解措施
Configuration: Disable iFrames in the Web browser.
Operation: When maintaining an authenticated session with a privileged target system, do not use the same browser to navigate to unfamiliar sites to perform other activities. Finish working with the target system and logout first before proceeding to other tasks.
Operation: If using the Firefox browser, use the NoScript plug-in that will help forbid iFrames.
示例实例
The following example is a real-world iFrame overlay attack [2]. In this attack, the malicious page embeds Twitter.com on a transparent IFRAME. The status-message field is initialized with the URL of the malicious page itself. To provoke the click, which is necessary to publish the entry, the malicious page displays a button labeled "Don't Click." This button is aligned with the invisible "Update" button of Twitter. Once the user performs the click, the status message (i.e., a link to the malicious page itself) is posted to their Twitter profile.