CWE-1022: Use of Web Link to Untrusted Target with window.opener Access
CWE版本: 4.18
更新日期: 2025-09-09
弱点描述
The web application produces links to untrusted external sites outside of its sphere of control, but it does not properly prevent the external site from modifying security-critical properties of the window.opener object, such as the location property.
扩展描述
When a user clicks a link to an external site ("target"), the target="_blank" attribute causes the target site's contents to be opened in a new window or tab, which runs in the same process as the original page. The window.opener object records information about the original page that offered the link. If an attacker can run script on the target page, then they could read or modify certain properties of the window.opener object, including the location property - even if the original and target site are not the same origin. An attacker can modify the location property to automatically redirect the user to a malicious site, e.g. as part of a phishing attack. Since this redirect happens in the original window/tab - which is not necessarily visible, since the browser is focusing the display on the new target page - the user might not notice any suspicious redirection.
常见后果
影响范围: Confidentiality
技术影响: Alter Execution Logic
说明: The user may be redirected to an untrusted page that contains undesired content or malicious script code.
潜在缓解措施
阶段: Architecture and Design
描述: Specify in the design that any linked external document must not be granted access to the location object of the calling page.
阶段: Implementation
阶段: Implementation
检测方法
方法: Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
有效性: High
观察示例
参考: CVE-2022-4927
Library software does not use rel: "noopener noreferrer" setting, allowing tabnabbing attacks to redirect to a malicious page
引入模式
| 阶段 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| Architecture and Design | This weakness is introduced during the design of an application when the architect does not specify that a linked external document should not be able to alter the location of the calling page. |
| Implementation | This weakness is introduced during the coding of an application when the developer does not include the noopener and/or noreferrer value for the rel attribute. |