CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output

阶段: Architecture and Design

策略: Libraries or Frameworks

阶段: Architecture and Design

策略: Parameterization

阶段: Architecture and Design Implementation

描述: Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.

阶段: Architecture and Design

描述: In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input.

阶段: Architecture and Design

描述: Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20).

阶段: Requirements

描述: Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other.

阶段: Implementation

描述: When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.