CWE-1204: Generation of Weak Initialization Vector (IV)
CWE版本: 4.18
更新日期: 2025-09-09
弱点描述
The product uses a cryptographic primitive that uses an Initialization Vector (IV), but the product does not generate IVs that are sufficiently unpredictable or unique according to the expected cryptographic requirements for that primitive.
扩展描述
By design, some cryptographic primitives (such as block ciphers) require that IVs must have certain properties for the uniqueness and/or unpredictability of an IV. Primitives may vary in how important these properties are. If these properties are not maintained, e.g. by a bug in the code, then the cryptography may be weakened or broken by attacking the IVs themselves.
常见后果
影响范围: Confidentiality
技术影响: Read Application Data
说明: If the IV is not properly initialized, data that is encrypted can be compromised and information about the data can be leaked. See [REF-1179].
潜在缓解措施
阶段: Implementation
观察示例
参考: CVE-2020-1472
ZeroLogon vulnerability - use of a static IV of all zeroes in AES-CFB8 mode
参考: CVE-2011-3389
BEAST attack in SSL 3.0 / TLS 1.0. In CBC mode, chained initialization vectors are non-random, allowing decryption of HTTPS traffic using a chosen plaintext attack.
参考: CVE-2001-0161
wireless router does not use 6 of the 24 bits for WEP encryption, making it easier for attackers to decrypt traffic
参考: CVE-2001-0160
WEP card generates predictable IV values, making it easier for attackers to decrypt traffic
参考: CVE-2017-3225
device bootloader uses a zero initialization vector during AES-CBC
参考: CVE-2016-6485
crypto framework uses PHP rand function - which is not cryptographically secure - for an initialization vector
参考: CVE-2014-5386
encryption routine does not seed the random number generator, causing the same initialization vector to be generated repeatedly
参考: CVE-2020-5408
encryption functionality in an authentication framework uses a fixed null IV with CBC mode, allowing attackers to decrypt traffic in applications that use this functionality
参考: CVE-2017-17704
messages for a door-unlocking product use a fixed IV in CBC mode, which is the same after each restart
参考: CVE-2017-11133
application uses AES in CBC mode, but the pseudo-random secret and IV are generated using math.random, which is not cryptographically strong.
参考: CVE-2007-3528
Blowfish-CBC implementation constructs an IV where each byte is calculated modulo 8 instead of modulo 256, resulting in less than 12 bits for the effective IV length, and less than 4096 possible IV values.
引入模式
| 阶段 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| Implementation | - |