CWE-312: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
CWE版本: 4.18
更新日期: 2025-09-09
弱点描述
The product stores sensitive information in cleartext within a resource that might be accessible to another control sphere.
常见后果
影响范围: Confidentiality
技术影响: Read Application Data
说明: An attacker with access to the system could read sensitive information stored in cleartext (i.e., unencrypted). Even if the information is encoded in a way that is not human-readable, certain techniques could determine which encoding is being used, then decode the information.
潜在缓解措施
阶段: Implementation System Configuration Operation
描述: When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to encrypt the data at rest. [REF-1297] [REF-1299] [REF-1301]
阶段: Implementation System Configuration Operation
描述: In some systems/environments such as cloud, the use of "double encryption" (at both the software and hardware layer) might be required, and the developer might be solely responsible for both layers, instead of shared responsibility with the administrator of the broader system/environment.
检测方法
方法: Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
有效性: High
观察示例
参考: CVE-2022-30275
Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) uses a driver that relies on a password stored in plaintext.
参考: CVE-2009-2272
password and username stored in cleartext in a cookie
参考: CVE-2009-1466
password stored in cleartext in a file with insecure permissions
参考: CVE-2009-0152
chat program disables SSL in some circumstances even when the user says to use SSL.
参考: CVE-2009-1603
Chain: product uses an incorrect public exponent when generating an RSA key, which effectively disables the encryption
参考: CVE-2009-0964
storage of unencrypted passwords in a database
参考: CVE-2008-6157
storage of unencrypted passwords in a database
参考: CVE-2008-6828
product stores a password in cleartext in memory
参考: CVE-2008-1567
storage of a secret key in cleartext in a temporary file
参考: CVE-2008-0174
SCADA product uses HTTP Basic Authentication, which is not encrypted
参考: CVE-2007-5778
login credentials stored unencrypted in a registry key
参考: CVE-2001-1481
Plaintext credentials in world-readable file.
参考: CVE-2005-1828
Password in cleartext in config file.
参考: CVE-2005-2209
Password in cleartext in config file.
参考: CVE-2002-1696
Decrypted copy of a message written to disk given a combination of options and when user replies to an encrypted message.
参考: CVE-2004-2397
Plaintext storage of private key and passphrase in log file when user imports the key.
参考: CVE-2002-1800
Admin password in plaintext in a cookie.
参考: CVE-2001-1537
Default configuration has cleartext usernames/passwords in cookie.
参考: CVE-2001-1536
Usernames/passwords in cleartext in cookies.
参考: CVE-2005-2160
Authentication information stored in cleartext in a cookie.
引入模式
| 阶段 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| Architecture and Design | OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase. |
适用平台
编程语言
技术
分类映射
| 分类名称 | 条目ID | 条目名称 | 映射适配度 |
|---|---|---|---|
| PLOVER | - | Plaintext Storage of Sensitive Information | - |
| Software Fault Patterns | SFP23 | Exposed Data | - |
| ISA/IEC 62443 | Part 4-2 | Req CR 4.1 a) | - |
| ISA/IEC 62443 | Part 3-3 | Req SR 4.1 | - |