CWE-911: Improper Update of Reference Count
CWE版本: 4.18
更新日期: 2025-09-09
弱点描述
The product uses a reference count to manage a resource, but it does not update or incorrectly updates the reference count.
扩展描述
Reference counts can be used when tracking how many objects contain a reference to a particular resource, such as in memory management or garbage collection. When the reference count reaches zero, the resource can be de-allocated or reused because there are no more objects that use it. If the reference count accidentally reaches zero, then the resource might be released too soon, even though it is still in use. If all objects no longer use the resource, but the reference count is not zero, then the resource might not ever be released.
常见后果
影响范围: Availability
技术影响: DoS: Resource Consumption (Memory) DoS: Resource Consumption (Other)
说明: An adversary that can cause a resource counter to become inaccurate may be able to create situations where resources are not accounted for and not released, thus causing resources to become scarce for future needs.
影响范围: Availability
技术影响: DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
说明: An adversary that can cause a resource counter to become inaccurate may be able to force an error that causes the product to crash or exit out of its current operation.
观察示例
参考: CVE-2002-0574
chain: reference count is not decremented, leading to memory leak in OS by sending ICMP packets.
参考: CVE-2004-0114
Reference count for shared memory not decremented when a function fails, potentially allowing unprivileged users to read kernel memory.
参考: CVE-2006-3741
chain: improper reference count tracking leads to file descriptor consumption
参考: CVE-2007-1383
chain: integer overflow in reference counter causes the same variable to be destroyed twice.
参考: CVE-2007-1700
Incorrect reference count calculation leads to improper object destruction and code execution.
参考: CVE-2008-2136
chain: incorrect update of reference count leads to memory leak.
参考: CVE-2008-2785
chain/composite: use of incorrect data type for a reference counter allows an overflow of the counter, leading to a free of memory that is still in use.
参考: CVE-2008-5410
Improper reference counting leads to failure of cryptographic operations.
参考: CVE-2009-1709
chain: improper reference counting in a garbage collection routine leads to use-after-free
参考: CVE-2009-3553
chain: reference count not correctly maintained when client disconnects during a large operation, leading to a use-after-free.
参考: CVE-2009-3624
Reference count not always incremented, leading to crash or code execution.
参考: CVE-2010-0176
improper reference counting leads to expired pointer dereference.
参考: CVE-2010-0623
OS kernel increments reference count twice but only decrements once, leading to resource consumption and crash.
参考: CVE-2010-2549
OS kernel driver allows code execution
参考: CVE-2010-4593
improper reference counting leads to exhaustion of IP addresses
参考: CVE-2011-0695
Race condition causes reference counter to be decremented prematurely, leading to the destruction of still-active object and an invalid pointer dereference.
参考: CVE-2012-4787
improper reference counting leads to use-after-free
引入模式
| 阶段 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| Implementation | - |