CVE-2022-20922 (CNNVD-202211-2439)

MEDIUM
中文标题:
多款Cisco产品安全漏洞
英文标题:
Multiple vulnerabilities in the Server Message Block Version 2 (SMB2) processor of the Snort detecti...
CVSS分数: 5.8
发布时间: 2022-11-10 17:37:12
漏洞类型: 其他
状态: PUBLISHED
数据质量分数: 0.30
数据版本: v3
漏洞描述
中文描述:

Cisco Firepower Threat Defense(FTD)和Cisco Cyber Vision Center Software都是美国思科(Cisco)公司的产品。Cisco Firepower Threat Defense是一套提供下一代防火墙服务的统一软件。Cisco Cyber Vision Center Software是一套工业控制系统(ICS)监控解决方案。该产品支持动态资产清单、网络实时监控等功能。 Cisco多款产品存在安全漏洞,该漏洞源于Snort检测引擎处理流量时对系统资源管理不当,攻击者可以通过向受影响的设备发送高速率的某些SMB2数据包来利用此漏洞,可能允许未经身份验证的远程攻击者绕过配置的策略或在受影响的设备上导致拒绝服务(DoS)。

英文描述:

Multiple vulnerabilities in the Server Message Block Version 2 (SMB2) processor of the Snort detection engine on multiple Cisco products could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass the configured policies or cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. These vulnerabilities are due to improper management of system resources when the Snort detection engine is processing SMB2 traffic. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending a high rate of certain types of SMB2 packets through an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to trigger a reload of the Snort process, resulting in a DoS condition. Note: When the snort preserve-connection option is enabled for the Snort detection engine, a successful exploit could also allow the attacker to bypass the configured policies and deliver a malicious payload to the protected network. The snort preserve-connection setting is enabled by default. See the Details ["#details"] section of this advisory for more information. Note: Only products that have Snort 3 configured are affected. Products that are configured with Snort 2 are not affected.

CWE类型:
CWE-244
标签:
(暂无数据)
受影响产品
厂商 产品 版本 版本范围 平台 CPE
Cisco Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software 7.1.0 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_firepower_threat_defense_software:7.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software 7.1.0.1 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_firepower_threat_defense_software:7.1.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software 7.1.0.2 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_firepower_threat_defense_software:7.1.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software 7.2.0 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_firepower_threat_defense_software:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software 7.2.0.1 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_firepower_threat_defense_software:7.2.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 1.5.4 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:1.5.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 1.5.5 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:1.5.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 1.5.6 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:1.5.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.0.0 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.0.2 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.0.3 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.1.0 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.1.2 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.1.5 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.1.4 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.4.12 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.4.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.4.6 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.4 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.4.4 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.5 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.5.4 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.5.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.5.5 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.5.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.5.6 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.5.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.5.7 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.5.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.6.0 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.6.1 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.6.2 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.7 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.8 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.8.9 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.8.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 3.0 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 3.1 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 3.2 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.3.1 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.3 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.2 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Umbrella Insights Virtual Appliance 2.2.1 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 3.0.4 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:3.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 3.0.0 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:3.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 3.0.1 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:3.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 3.0.2 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:3.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 3.0.3 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:3.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 3.0.5 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:3.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 3.0.6 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:3.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 3.1.0 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:3.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 3.1.2 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:3.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 3.1.1 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:3.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 3.2.3 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:3.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 3.2.1 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:3.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 3.2.4 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:3.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 3.2.0 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:3.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 3.2.2 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:3.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 4.0.0 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:4.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 4.0.1 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:4.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 4.0.2 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:4.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 4.0.3 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:4.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 4.1.0 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:4.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Cisco Cisco Cyber Vision 4.1.1 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cisco_cyber_vision:4.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco firepower_threat_defense 7.1.0 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:firepower_threat_defense:7.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco firepower_threat_defense 7.1.0.1 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:firepower_threat_defense:7.1.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco firepower_threat_defense 7.1.0.2 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:firepower_threat_defense:7.1.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco firepower_threat_defense 7.2.0 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:firepower_threat_defense:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco firepower_threat_defense 7.2.0.1 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:firepower_threat_defense:7.2.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 1.5.4 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:1.5.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 1.5.5 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:1.5.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 1.5.6 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:1.5.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.0.0 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.0.2 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.0.3 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.1.0 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.1.2 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.1.4 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.1.5 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.2 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.2.1 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.3 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.3.1 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.4 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.4.4 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.4.6 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.4.12 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.4.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.5 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.5.4 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.5.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.5.5 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.5.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.5.6 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.5.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.5.7 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.5.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.6.0 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.6.1 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.6.2 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.7 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.8 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 2.8.9 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:2.8.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 3.0 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 3.1 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance 3.2 - - cpe:2.3:o:cisco:umbrella_insights_virtual_appliance:3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 3.0.0 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:3.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 3.0.1 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:3.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 3.0.2 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:3.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 3.0.3 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:3.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 3.0.5 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:3.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 3.0.6 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:3.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 3.1.0 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:3.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 3.1.1 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:3.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 3.1.2 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:3.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 3.2.0 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:3.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 3.2.1 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:3.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 3.2.2 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:3.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 3.2.3 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:3.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 3.2.4 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:3.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 4.0.0 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:4.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 4.0.1 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:4.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 4.0.2 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:4.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 4.0.3 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:4.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 4.1.0 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:4.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cisco cyber_vision 4.1.1 - - cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cyber_vision:4.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
解决方案
中文解决方案:
(暂无数据)
英文解决方案:
(暂无数据)
临时解决方案:
(暂无数据)
参考链接
cisco-sa-snort-smb-3nfhJtr OTHER
cve.org
访问
CVSS评分详情
3.1 (cna)
MEDIUM
5.8
CVSS向量: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L
机密性
NONE
完整性
NONE
可用性
LOW
时间信息
发布时间:
2022-11-10 17:37:12
修改时间:
2024-08-03 02:31:57
创建时间:
2025-11-11 15:37:15
更新时间:
2025-11-11 15:57:38
利用信息
暂无可利用代码信息
数据源详情
数据源 记录ID 版本 提取时间
CVE cve_CVE-2022-20922 2025-11-11 15:21:16 2025-11-11 07:37:15
NVD nvd_CVE-2022-20922 2025-11-11 14:58:28 2025-11-11 07:45:32
CNNVD cnnvd_CNNVD-202211-2439 2025-11-11 15:11:03 2025-11-11 07:57:38
版本与语言
当前版本: v3
主要语言: EN
支持语言:
EN ZH
安全公告
暂无安全公告信息
变更历史
v3 CNNVD
2025-11-11 15:57:38
vulnerability_type: 未提取 → 其他; cnnvd_id: 未提取 → CNNVD-202211-2439; data_sources: ['cve', 'nvd'] → ['cnnvd', 'cve', 'nvd']
查看详细变更
  • vulnerability_type: 未提取 -> 其他
  • cnnvd_id: 未提取 -> CNNVD-202211-2439
  • data_sources: ['cve', 'nvd'] -> ['cnnvd', 'cve', 'nvd']
v2 NVD
2025-11-11 15:45:32
affected_products_count: 58 → 115; data_sources: ['cve'] → ['cve', 'nvd']
查看详细变更
  • affected_products_count: 58 -> 115
  • data_sources: ['cve'] -> ['cve', 'nvd']